As in Low links of london
The commonly used method for measuring commodity concentration is based on the calculation of Gini coefficient and the modified version called Gini-Hirschman coefficient of concentration (United Nations, 2004; Samen, 2006). However, Low, Olarreaga and Suarez (1998) used three different concentration indices namely Herfindal-Hirschman concentration index, Theil-entropy coefficient and Mean Logarithm deviation to investigate if globalization has affected the concentration indices. links of london sale Their findings indicated, among others, that although world trade has increased overtime, globalization does not affect the concentration indices. According to Kali, Mendez and Reyes (2007), empirical measures of trade characteristics or trade structures are limited. In analyzing trade structure and economic growth, they used trade dispersion among trading partners as one of the measures of trade structure. As in Low, Olarreaga and Suarez (1998), Kali, Mendez and Reyes (2007) constructed a Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index of trade for all countries to measure trade dispersion among all trading partners. The study found trade concentration to be positively correlated with growth for all countries, but the effect is found to be more pronounced for poor countries. links of london earrings
In a separate study, Ishido (2004) used a less rigorous method by applying the coefficient of variation as a proxy to measure manufacturing capability cum trade divergence in selected Asian economies. Ishido found that in these countries when more technology-enhancing economic activities were undertaken within an economy, export became more divergent. links of london rings In order to access the possibility of future trade integration among seven South Asian countries, Pitigala (2005) investigated certain fundamental conditions (as defined by empirical evidence) as criterions for a successful trading bloc. Among the statistical measures used in his report is concentration of exports index. His study revealed that with the exception of India, the exports of most South Asian countries were highly concentrated and the prospects of increasing regional trade did not appear to be encouraging. links of london jewellery